Technical Expertise
This page documents our technical depth across each discipline. Every capability listed here is backed by completed project work — not claimed credentials.
// technical depth by area
We build and validate EPANET hydraulic models from first principles, back-calculating friction coefficients from field data and cross-validating against manual Hazen-Williams calculations. We model steady-state demand scenarios, pump-system curve interactions, pressure distribution analysis, and water quality (residence time) implications. Our models are documented to a standard where every assumption is explicit and auditable.
Project evidence
BALENG-007: EPANET model validation for Kilcummin DN300 rebuttal — back-calculated C = 150.0 for installed PVC pipe, confirmed against two independent pipes (C = 149.8 and 150.2). All calculations published with explicit equations and node/link data.
We design Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams conforming to ISA-5.1 symbology, from single-sheet concept layouts through multi-sheet, multi-zone issue-for-construction packages. Deliverables include print-ready PDF, named-layer DXF for AutoCAD/BricsCAD/DraftSight, and SVG source for further design work. We handle revision management, title block control, and PSV/pressure system documentation.
Project evidence
BALENG-005: 7-sheet P&ID package for multi-zone process facility, delivered through Rev C. Named layer structure (12 layers) maps to AutoCAD Plant 3D standard. PSV placement and vapor overhead routing corrected through revision cycle.
We analyse flow meter calibration data at the algorithm level — examining the AQ polynomial formula architecture, identifying error signatures from gravimetric test point ratios, and deriving corrected formulas. We can distinguish between per-unit manufacturing spread, product-line systematic defects, and installation effects (T-piece branch fraction, profile distortion). All corrected formulas are delivered as copy-paste-ready single-line expressions with audit trails.
Project evidence
BALENG-003: 4-unit FE-series fleet recovered from errors of 2%–292% to sub-1% RMSE using scalar trim methodology. Product-line defect in 300FE series identified (probable missing /4 in area term). CV of ratio < 1% per unit confirmed scalar trim as complete fix — no curve refit required.
We interpret and apply engineering standards in a way that is technically precise and legally defensible. This means citing specific clauses by number, distinguishing normative from informative provisions, and building compliance matrices that show exactly which requirements apply, which are met, and where non-compliance exists. We have worked with EN 805:2025 (water infrastructure), ISA-5.1 (P&ID), and OIML/ISO metering standards.
Project evidence
BALENG-007: EN 805:2025 §4.1.4 (stagnation — normative) and §7.3.4 (acceptable velocities — normative) cited in technical appendix to demonstrate DN300 non-compliance. First-party licence (Order No. 10097343) means citations are from the authoritative purchased standard, not secondary sources.
We produce engineering documentation that will be read by regulators, utilities, and planning bodies. Structure, precision, and citeability are non-negotiable. Every calculation is shown explicitly. Every standard cited is identified by clause and version. Every conclusion is tied to specific data. Our documents are designed to stand as standalone engineering submissions — not as supporting appendices to be summarised away.
Project evidence
BALENG-007: Technical Appendix Rev 2 — 12-section document covering EPANET model validation, headloss calculations (both H-W and D-W), velocity and HRT analysis, pump-system curve interaction, capital cost analysis, surge considerations, and a consolidated comparison table. Cited EN 805:2025 by first-party licence.
We compute. Whether it is deriving a trim factor from 12 gravimetric test points, fitting a Hazen-Williams friction coefficient from field data, or building a complete hydraulic model from first principles, we do the maths explicitly and show every step. We use Python for numerical work, Excel for audit-friendly calculation deliverables, and we validate results by cross-checking with independent methods.
Project evidence
BALENG-003: AQ/observed ratio CV calculated for 12 test points per unit to confirm scalar offset signature. Trim factor derived as 1/mean(ratio). Post-trim RMSE predicted and reported per unit. All calculations reproducible.
// engineering philosophy
Every deliverable includes the explicit calculation, not just the conclusion. If we calculate that DN300 fails the velocity criterion, we show the velocity calculation — at each flow condition, with the threshold cited by clause number. This makes our work auditable, defensible, and impossible to dismiss.
When we cite EN 805:2025, we cite the purchased, authoritative document — not a paraphrase from a secondary source. This matters in regulatory and legal contexts. Our standards library is current.
We routinely cross-check results using independent approaches. On BALENG-007, we computed headloss using both Hazen-Williams and Darcy-Weisbach, and validated the friction coefficient against two independent pipes from the EPANET model — getting C = 149.8 and 150.2 respectively. Consistency across methods builds confidence that the number is right.
On BALENG-003, we identified that two separate 300FE flow meters showed the same 3.91× ratio. That is not per-unit variation — it is a product-line systematic error. We flagged this as a manufacturer engineering recommendation, not just as two individual trim jobs. This kind of pattern recognition is what separates engineering analysis from data processing.
A technical appendix for a planning submission is not the same document as an internal analysis note. We write for the audience — regulator, utility, legal team — with the appropriate level of technical detail, citation rigour, and professional structure.
// standards & references
EN 805:2025 (EVS)
Water Infrastructure
First-party licence (Order 10097343, 17.05.2026)
Uisce Éireann CDS-5020-03 Rev 03
Water Infrastructure
Code of Practice for Water Infrastructure (Ireland)
S.I. No. 122 of 2014
Water Quality
European Union (Drinking Water) Regulations 2014 (Ireland)
ISA-5.1
P&ID Design
Instrumentation symbols and identification
AutoCAD DXF R12 (ASCII)
CAD
Interoperable format for CAD deliverables
OIML R 49
Flow Metering
Water meters for cold potable water and hot water
ISO 4064 Series
Flow Metering
Meters for cold potable water and hot water
WHO Drinking Water Quality Guidelines, 4th Ed.
Water Quality
Velocity and stagnation risk reference
Barfuss et al. (2023)
Hydraulics
Utah State University: PVC pipe H-W C-value laboratory and field confirmation
AWWA Manual M58
Water Quality
Internal corrosion and biofilm reference for stagnation arguments
EN 805:2000 (superseded)
Water Infrastructure
Predecessor standard, referenced in older submissions
EPANET 2.2
Hydraulic Modelling
US EPA open-source hydraulic and water quality model
// start an engagement